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White People Being Mean

Along With Everybody Else Being Mean to Everybody Else in the First Half of the 20th Century on The Vineyard (It Doesn’t Happen Anymore, Right?)

 

Here’s the way it works: Mostly, human beings prefer to be in the company of people who are so identical to themselves, you wonder why we don’t simply clone our friends from our own DNA. Nowadays, of course, and particularly here on the Island, we’ve learned how fun and cool it is to know all varieties of humankind. Back in the day that wasn’t so practical because:

Everybody here was Anglo-Saxon! Sounds kinda scary, doesn’t it?! Most of the Native population had been killed off, not by spears or guns but by those other scourges of white invasion: germs, alcohol, deprival of land and self-sustenance. In the first sixty years of white invasion, the Indian population declined by two-thirds. That’s before 1700! The 33% remaining got pushed to the fringes of the Island -- Gay Head and Chappaquiddick. 

And then, in America, beginning in 1900, nearly a million immigrants arrived in this hemisphere from the four corners of the earth (well, mostly the Europe corner) every darn year! Now, none of these foreign-tongued devils landing in New York or Boston or other U.S. ports of call had any notion of heading back to sea and sailing for Martha’s Vineyard (Who’s Whatsit?), but a few newcomers found their way to these shores.

Let’s start with the Jews. The first Jewish gentleman to touch down here was Samuel Krangle from Lithuania, who changed his moniker to Sam Cronig (his descendants have no idea how he picked this particular name out of the hat). At loose ends in New Bedford in 1905, he spied an ad for summer work on a Vineyard farm, steamer fee pre-paid. He came, he saw, he sent for his four brothers in Lithuania. A dynasty was born.

Other Jewish immigrants showed up. They built a Hebrew center and started a Jewish cemetery, both in Vineyard Haven, and dodged the bullet of anti-Semitism by keeping to themselves and marrying within the faith. One gutsy Jewish lady, Bessie Hall, bought a house in Edgartown on South Summer Street, in 1914, but a line was drawn in the sand behind her. As Dorothy West, renowned writer and Oak Bluffs resident wrote, “Edgartown was the last holdout of the WASPs,” up until the late 1930s. Or even beyond.

Discrimination against blacks was equally severe in Edgartown. African American staff of rich summer folks had no place to relax on their days off: Restaurants and bars were barred to them. Eventually a small building on Cooke Street, opposite the cemetery, was donated by the philanthropic Edna and James Smith, as a gathering place for black folks. It was named the Open Door Club.

Middle class black property owners from Boston who had bought up neglected Victorian houses in Oak Bluffs during the depression, were unimpressed with the domestics demographic of the Open Door Club, many of whom had black servants of their own. Within their own affluent cadres, they drew distinctions. As Ms. West put it, “It was the “new” people” who bought the Oak Bluffs houses" from Ocean Park, and fanning out to Farm Pond. “The “old” black families, like mine, owned much smaller cottages in the Highlands area.” Ms. West's family had put down roots in 1915.

The original Portuguese immigrants encountered their rash of resistance. Many of them dwelled in shacks on the edge of Oak Bluffs, raising flowers and produce for the summer folk. “During the early years,” writes historian Arthur R. Railton, “they were considered second-class citizens.”

And here’s where everybody was busy disliking everybody else: Miriam Walker, granddaughter of Charles Shearer of Shearer cottage, confided to Mr. Railton, “We weren’t allowed to play with the Portuguese. And the Portuguese didn’t want their children to play with black families.”

Many, many decades later, naturally, black is the new black and also All That!, and Portuguese-Americans families have formed the bedrock of the Island community. I’m personally buoyed-up to realize that I haven’t heard the term “Port-a-gee” since the late 1970s. I’m surprised it was still floating around even then.

All during those early-to-mid-20th century years of new-fangled people arriving on this rock, many whites established summer enclaves to keep the infidels at arm's distance. They bought up tracts of land and invited each other to camp, hang, or build houses there. As Mr. Railton wrote, “Comfortable in their “playgrounds,” the white residents spent their vacations happily in each other’s company, rarely leaving the reservation.”

Some early clubs of this stripe that, unconsciously or not, certainly extralegally, banned Catholics, Jews, and blacks, were Windy Gates, the Barnhouse off State Road in Chilmark, the Squibnocket Fish and Game Club on the south shore, Seven Gates Farm and, oh, while we’re at it, West Chop and the Methodist Campground (come on, guys, you know you used to do that.)

Btw, the gatherings at Windy Gates and the Barnhouse were on the wild, politically radical side, so householders and guests may have been too busy singing arias before supper, encouraging Thomas Hart Benton to follow his muse, writing poetry, seeking social justice and running nude on their beaches, to stop and consider how white they presented themselves at any given roll call. And, in fact, Mr. Benton married the lovely Rita, a Catholic-Italian immigrant, and Roger Baldwin of Windy Gates co-founded the ACLU in 1913, defended Tennessee schoolteacher, John Scopes, opposed the banning of James Joyce’s books and, while he was at it, started the Chilmark Community Center. Still, this didn’t stop these folks’ clubs from being terrifically white in the early days, intentionally or otherwise.

So isn’t it nice that we’re all now here together? Seriously, it is! I’ve always maintained that the Vineyard year-round community is hardly Utopia, but it’s as close as any earthly society has come thus far. Other than Windy Gates.   

About this column: Holly Nadler wrote "Vineyard Confidential: 350 Years of Scandals, Eccentrics, and Strange Occurrences" (2006 Down East Books). It was profiled in Liz Smith's nationally syndicated column. The book, still going strong in Island bookstores, is also available on amazon.com. Now Nadler builds on this work of nutty Island nougats in a weekly column for MV Patch. Related Topics: Holly Nadler, Island Living, and Island humor

Chip Coblyn

7:24 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

This is the place I come to feel ordinary--no funny looks, no muttering, no clutching of purses. Okay there is an occasional reminder that we're not 100% "there" but I'll take the 95% feeling of being just another man when I'm on the Vineyard.

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Holly Nadler

7:41 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

At least nowadays people have the sense and the discretion to keep their biases hidden. But if you roll back the plastic wrap --- ! I have a now departed WASP friend, had a summer home in Chilmark, descendant of a famous 19th century publisher, who was in his cups one night and he griped to me and another friend, "Too many Jews in Chilmark these days." I reminded him he was making this observation to two Jewish women, but he was too smashed to care.

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saromat

5:19 pm on Sunday, November 11, 2012

Wonderful piece, Holly. I'm a relative newcomer to the Vineyard, having only been visiting for the past 23 years. Would love to read more about the cultural and racial history of the island; any books to suggest? Thanks!

Ellen OBrien

8:10 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

The Island has always been an open, loving, living heart of a place. Openness and acceptance abound here.

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Maribeth Priore

8:18 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

This Catholic girl is thrilled to be clumped with the blacks and the Jews! As for those "elite" club's, I'm with Grocho Marx on that ~ "I wouldn't want to be a member of a club that would have me as a member!" phooey to them! Great article Holly.

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Holly Nadler

8:42 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

Great to hear from you, Maribeth! Seems to me Catholics were made part of the In Crowd when JFK became president, and we know Obama has given African Americans a huge boost! Now all we need is a Jewish prez and a woman prez. Just don't anybody suggest Joe Lieberman for a future ticket! (I believe even Joe Lieberman these days wouldn't put forward Joe Lieberman!)

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Sonia Groff

8:44 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

Really cool mini history lesson! I also love the diversity on the island. Can't wait to come back :)

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William Waterway

9:15 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

I have traveled over 15 countries. When I "traveled" I didn't stay at the local Hilton with guided tours. I traveled on my wits and often worked with locals. In Algeria's fringe of the Sahara, I spent a few days chained in animal harness with three other laborers. We walked in circles chanting while our human energy turned two huge stones that pressed oil from olives. The men I worked with were paid fifty cents ($.50) a day. We were allowed one half-hour break to drink olive oil and eat bread we dipped in olive oil. I've worked on farms in New Zealand; taught English in Morocco; repaired cars in Spain; plowed fields with camels in Mauritania near a war zone where gun fire kept me awake at night; lived outside for two years while traversing America by horseback - speaking at universities, civic organizations and places of worship of "all" kinds; working on farms and ranches punching cattle, mending fence, fixing water-pumping windmills, rounding up and training horses - the list goes on.

I've traveled to Israel amongst the Jews, Druze, Palestinians, and Bedouins; in Algeria amongst the Berbers and Muslims, and Morocco and its strange desert dwelling blue-black people with no recorded language. The one thing I have learned - birds of similar feather often to flock together for survival. It is a basic instinct.

Yes, it is great to beat the drum of civility and equality relative to our island utopia. However, it's just a ferry ride to another reality.

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Liebdora

9:35 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

Hi Holly,
Two points:
first, anti-semitism is still rampant in Edgartown, according to at least one recent candidate for public office.

It was certainly worse: case in point, my aunt and uncle came to Edgartown in July of 1955 for their honeymoon, and were treated so badly they have never come back, not even to visit me or other lifelong friends who live here.

Second example, I have heard from several Jewish friends in Chilmark that they first tried to buy property in Edgartown in the '60s or '70s or '80s and were told they were not welcome. The irony is that their real estate in Chilmark appreciated more than Edgartown did during the same period!

Love your column! but don't think people are any less tribal and exclusionary than they ever were, not at heart. At least some people have the decency not to be open about their prejudices these days.

And of course, there are some people who do have open hearts -- the diversity is one of the reasons I wanted to live here, another being the strong sense of community in general, and the strong artistic and creative community, which I have never found in any of the other 20-some places I lived before I moved here...

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Armand A. Gonzalzles

10:08 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

Miriam and I visited Martha's Vineyard in 1993 with our newborn daughter Cecilia. Miriam had visited the island in her past but this was my first. The experience I had then and every Summer since has made me realize the better side of all people. In my brother's words,"the Vineyard is the most "civiliized" place I have ever visited." We have made many friends and have wonderful memories of our Summers on the beaches of Martha's Vineyard.. We have since that first visit bulit a home near the walking beach and renovated the old Miriam Walker cottage in East Chop. We will one day retire and hope that our children and grandchildren will enjoy the Vineyard just as we have.

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Holly Nadler

10:11 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

Ellen, thanks for your interesting comments. I've also heard from black friends about their families being asked to leave Edgartown beaches back in the 1950s. So when Dorothy West wrote that the town didn't cease to be a WASP bastion until the late 1930s, she was probably showing a premature optimism.

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Michael West

10:59 am on Monday, November 5, 2012

I have found the island has greater diversity as a community than any other place I have lived, but there will always be some who mark their merit by putting others down. Look at the variety of responses here. Some defensive, some idealistic, some embracing, some still feeling the lash of exclusion. What we build as community will only be sustainable, if it is diverse and cooperative -- because all of us bring our different strengths to the gathering.

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Holly Nadler

12:29 pm on Monday, November 5, 2012

@Sam -- you think the only thing many of us hold against Mitt Romney is his whiteness? Dude! I've voted for plenty of white guys in the past, starting with supporting my parents' bid for Adlai Stevenson (I was pretty little).

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Maribeth Priore

12:50 pm on Monday, November 5, 2012

Oh Holly, Catholics being in vogue is so 1963! Apparently, JFK's being elected was some strange cosmic fluke. Would love to see a female president AND a Jewish president, better yet ~ let's start seeking out a dynamic female, jewish female politician that we can start grooming this very moment! 2016 is just around the corner!

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Walter L. Isaacs

1:10 pm on Monday, November 5, 2012

Walter Isaacs
Holly, I love your column. You are a breath of fresh air, not just via the Patch, but anywhere. With regard to Sam Hustan; He's all wet and misguided. I'm not voting for Romney, because he's unable to relate to folks who are not not like him. He's disingenous, and pretends to care. His beliefs are changeable as winds around the Island. He lies too easily. He was not a job creator as governor of Massachusetts, which ranked 47th in job creation during his tenure, etc. I could go on and on. I admit to being a selective racist. (I don't like stupid people). Naive or ignorant is OK, but intelligent folks who should know better and make baseless statements are a boil on society. Despite that admission, Romney's color has nothing to do with my dislike for him. As a deceitful and clever multimillionaire, He has a lock on stupid.
That's why I'm not voting for him. (Sam, don't let my surname fool you).

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Holly Nadler

6:01 pm on Monday, November 5, 2012

Walter, provocative comments and, may I ask you this: Are you the Walter Isaacs who's head of the Aspen Institute?

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Walter L. Isaacs

10:54 am on Tuesday, November 6, 2012

Holly:
No, I'm not. I've spent 42 + years operating community health centers in impoverished urban areas. I've had a home in OB for about 50 years.
Walter

Barbara LeBey

2:04 pm on Monday, November 5, 2012

How about a female Jewish Republican for President? That will tell the tale.

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Chip Coblyn

2:25 pm on Monday, November 5, 2012

You want an example of divisiveness? Read Sam's comments, then compare them to the other 9 or 10.

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Holly Nadler

3:45 pm on Monday, November 5, 2012

Barbara, that would be a funny combination! I might even vote for that candidate!

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Cynthia Mascott

8:02 pm on Monday, November 5, 2012

Another cool thing about the Island is that there isn't that much to-do about the people who have money and the ones who don't. There's not much of a class distinction, at least it didn't seem that way to me when I lied there

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Holly Nadler

8:25 am on Tuesday, November 6, 2012

Cindy, I think you meant to say "when I lived there"; you were never much of a liar, you old truth-teller, you!

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Crystal Oceans

10:04 am on Friday, November 9, 2012

Great article with a bad yet provocative title, so I guess that works for engagement..

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